Didactique de la littérature et littérature didactique: l’exemple de la littérature africaine francophone en classe de langues étrangères au Burkina Faso

Abstract

The teaching of foreign and second languages such as English, French and German in Burkina Faso has always used literature. However, its exploitation has always been limited to the handling and knowledge of the language. The potentialities of literary texts go beyond linguistic aspects. The didactic of literature helps to discover the potentialities of literature. They transmit cultural, socio-cultural, intercultural, empathic and educational skills. The purpose of this paper is to show not only how to teach literature in language class but also how to use didactic literature to develop social skills among learners to reduce vandalism, school violence, negative stereotypes, misunderstandings of intercultural nature while cultivating social peace and living together in a context of internationalization, globalization and digital revolution. Focusing on francophone African literature, the methodological approach used for the didactic transpositions of literary content is based on the new orientation and the redefinition of the objectives of language teaching according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2001) and on the didactic models of the aesthetic reception of didactics of literature from Bredella and Burwitz-Metzler’s (2004), which consists to put the learner in intensive interaction with the text and to motivate him to express oneself on one’s reading experiences.