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Abstract
Phylogenomic analyses of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae shows that at least 21 genes were transferred between chlamydiae and primary photosynthetic eukaryotes, suggesting an ancient chlamydial endosymbiosis with the ancestral primary photosynthetic eukaryote.
Highlights
Ancient endosymbioses are responsible for the origins of mitochondria and plastids, and they contribute to the divergence of several major eukaryotic groups
In our search of the Taxonomically Broad expressed sequence tag (EST) Database (TBestDB) [33], ATP/ADP translocase homologs were found in another glaucophyte (Glaucocystis nostochinearum), euglenids (Astasia longa and Euglena gracilis), and a haptophyte (Pavlova lutheri)
This suggests that chlamydiae-related genes are present in all primary photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages and that the ADP/ATP translocase has been retained in at least some secondary photosynthetic groups
Summary
Ancient endosymbioses are responsible for the origins of mitochondria and plastids, and they contribute to the divergence of several major eukaryotic groups. A group of obligate intracellular bacteria, are not found in plants, an unexpected number of chlamydial genes are most similar to plant homologs, which, interestingly, often contain a plastid-targeting signal This observation has prompted several hypotheses, including gene transfer between chlamydiae and plant-related groups and an ancestral relationship between chlamydiae and cyanobacteria. Chlamydial genome analyses revealed an unexpected number of genes that are most similar to plant homologs [20,21], which, interestingly, often contain a plastid-targeting signal [13] This observation has prompted several hypotheses, notably an ancestral evolutionary relationship between cyanobacteria (plastids) and chlamydiae [13] and gene transfer between the two groups with the donor being either chlamydiae [22,23] or plantrelated groups [21,24,25]. It has been suggested that plants might have acquired these genes from mitochondria [26] or through intermediate vectors such as insects [17]
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