Abstract
H + -ATPases are ion pumps that link proton transfer across cell membranes to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP. A current research goal is to understand the molecular-level mechanism of this linking. We present a chemical model that mimics some features of H + -ATPases by linking proton transfer across a liquid membrane to the synthesis of acyl phosphates using carboxylic acid anhydride intermediates. Citraconic acid (cis-2-methyl-2-butenedioic acid) accelerated the transfer of protons from a pH 0.3 solution across a chloroform liquid membrane to a pH 10 solution. The mechanism involved spontaneous formation of a small amount of citraconic anhydride (0.6%) in the pH 0.3 layer
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