Abstract
The recent availability of soybean cultivars with resistance to dicamba herbicide has increased the risk of injury in susceptible cultivars, mainly as a result of particle drift. To predict and identify the damage caused by this herbicide requires great accuracy. The objective of this work was to evaluate the injury caused by the simulated drift of dicamba on soybean (nonresistant to dicamba) plants assessed visually and using the Triangular Greenness Index (TGI) from images obtained from Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications during the 2019/2020 growing season, and the treatments consisted of the application of six doses of dicamba (0, 0.28, 0.56, 5.6, 28, and 112 g acid equivalent dicamba ha−1) on soybean plants at the third node growth stage. For the evaluation of treatments using the TGI technique, spectral data acquired through a Red Green Blue (RGB) sensor attached to an RPA was used. The variables studied were the visual estimation of injury, TGI response at 7 and 21 days after application, plant height, and crop yield. The exposure to the herbicide caused a reduction in plant height and crop yield. Vegetation indices, such as TGI, have the potential to be used in the evaluation of injury caused by dicamba, and may be used to cover large areas in a less subjective way than visual assessments.
Highlights
Technique, spectral data acquired through a Red Green Blue (RGB) sensor attached to an Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) was used
The availability of soybean cultivars with resistance to dicamba herbicide can allow for the effective control of dicotyledonous weeds that present some level of herbicide resistance [1,2]
The visual analysis of herbicide symptoms does not allow for an accurate estimation of the extension of the damage, the herbicide dose that the plants were exposed to, or the possible reduction in yield [7,8,9]
Summary
The availability of soybean cultivars with resistance to dicamba herbicide can allow for the effective control of dicotyledonous weeds that present some level of herbicide resistance [1,2]. The symptoms of dicamba phytotoxicity in soybean (nonresistant to dicamba) are variable. They include leaf curling and wrinkling, chlorosis of younger leaves, epinasty, reductions in plant height, death of the apical meristem, and plant death [5]. The evaluation of dicamba injury is mainly conducted by visual analysis of the symptoms. This method is not robust; it is laborious, time-consuming, and very subjective. The visual analysis of herbicide symptoms does not allow for an accurate estimation of the extension of the damage, the herbicide dose that the plants were exposed to, or the possible reduction in yield [7,8,9]. Early detection of symptoms is not always possible, and field injury can occur in large heterogeneous areas, which makes the quality of the visual analysis even more difficult
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