Diatoms in the plankton and sediments of two lakes of different trophic type

Abstract

Species composition, quantity and distribution of diatoms in both the plankton and the surface sediments (0–30 cm) of mesotrophic Lake Krasnoye and eutrophic Lake Vishnevskoye (Karelian Isthmus) were studied. In the mesotrophic lake the composition of dominant diatoms (mainly Melosira) corresponded to those in the plankton. The Araphidineae/Centrales (A/C) ratio was 0.2–0.3%, increasing in the upper layers to 7%. Alkaliphilous and alkalibiontic forms constituted 60% of the total. In the eutrophic lake diatoms with thin valves (mainly Synedra) predominated in the plankton but their quantity in the sediments was insignificant in comparison with other plankton. Nevertheless, the A/C ratio was much higher, 17–35%. Alkaliphilous and alkalibiontic forms accounted for 78–90% of the total number of valves. In both lakes the highest number of diatom valves was registered in the upper layer of the sediments. From the ratio of the total number of diatoms in the upper 5 cm layer to their annual flux to the sediment from the plankton the approximate sediment accumulation rate was calculated to be 1.9 mm a−1 for the mesotrophic lake and 2.5 mm a−1 for the eutrophic one.