Abstract
Taking into account that Trichoderma viride dispersion mycelium existed many shortcomings, such as difficult to separate, easy to deactivate, and low adsorption performance, Diatomite-Trichoderma viride (DE-T. viride) composite microspheres were designed and prepared by chemical bonding, and anion dye and copper ion synergistic removal strategies were proposed. The adsorption performance of the composite microspheres on CR and Cu2+ were demonstrated by Zeta potential and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, involving various mechanisms such as metal chelation, polysaccharide adhesion, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. Intraparticle diffusion model identity that adsorption is controlled by multiple steps. Adsorption isotherms of CR and Cu2+ displayed excellent agreement with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Impressively, DE-T. viride spheres exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 176.3 and 63.8 mg/g for CR and Cu2+. Moreover, they displayed selective adsorption for anionic dyes, with capacities 8 and 10 times higher than those for cationic and neutral ionic dyes, respectively. T. viride microspheres generates extracellular polymers, which are rich in a variety of functional groups and can adsorb metal ions through chelation and transport, moreover, it adsorbs anions with positive charge. It is worth mentioning that DE-T. viride spheres exhibited ease of separation, stability, and reproducibility even after multiple adsorption-recycling cycles, maintaining an impressive adsorption rate of 80 %. In conclusion, these multifunctional, efficient, and eco-friendly DE-T. viride spheres present promising potential for environmental remediation, particularly in removing contaminants from various environmental matrices. Their outstanding performance, selectivity, and recyclability make them a valuable and sustainable solution for addressing pollution issues and promoting environmental sustainability.
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