Abstract
Romania is one of the main countries of origin for intra-European migration. The national authorities recently implemented the first major program —Diaspora Start-up—to support the business initiatives of Romanian citizens who live abroad and who are interested in opening a business in their home country. This scheme was developed in parallel with a broader program—Romania Start-up Plus—which was designed to support the entrepreneurial initiatives of individuals residing inside the country. These programs have already supported over 8,600 non-agricultural start-ups created in urban areas. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the two programs based on different criteria and explored their regional dynamics regarding the emergence of start-ups and the prevalence of creative industries companies. The analysis highlighted important regional differences within Romania and revealed that the Diaspora Start-up program registered a statistically significant lower level of businesses registered as part of the creative industries. The results support the formulation of a hypothesis of negative selectivity within the programs designed to support Romanian migrants’ entrepreneurship, but further research is needed to test this hypothesis.
Highlights
Romania is one of the main countries of origin for intra-European migration (Fries-Tersch et al, 2020; Recchi et al, 2019)
Given the numerous commonalities between these programs, the present study developed an analytical framework to examine their relationships with regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and identify the specificities of the Diaspora Start-up program
The first step was to explore the regional dynamics of the programs and their relationships with regional entrepreneurial ecosystems regarding the emergence of new businesses
Summary
Romania is one of the main countries of origin for intra-European migration (Fries-Tersch et al, 2020; Recchi et al, 2019) To cope with this situation, the political authorities have initiated public debates and started formulating policies focused on managing migration flows and stimulating return migration (Croitoru, 2021; Șerban, 2015; Șerban and Croitoru, 2018). Officials have started to present small companies in the creative industries as one of the most valuable assets for capitalizing on individuals’ human capital and for consolidating economies, as can be seen in European programmatic documents (European Commission, 2011) The overlapping between these two patterns inspired our interest in exploring the propensity of the return migrant entrepreneurs towards these valued niches of entrepreneurship within a unique comparative framework
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