Abstract
AbstractIn this chapter, we examine diaspora policies and social protection in Turkey, an EU candidate country with a significantly large emigrant population in the EU. Turkey’s diaspora engagement has taken various forms in line with the domestic and international developments over the decades. From the early 2000s, the Turkish state has adopted an active approach to diaspora policies, in accordance with its assertive neo-Ottomanist foreign policy (Aydin Y, The new Turkish diaspora policy: its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany (working paper). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik-SWP-Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin, 2014; Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). In this period, the Turkish Government has depicted the Turkish diaspora both as a political and economic resource in the transnational policy-making and lobbying procedures, and as a population that needs protection and guidance vis-à-vis host country authorities (Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). This chapter demonstrates that this two-dimensional approach has also been influential in social protection policies addressing Turks abroad. Turkish authorities mostly aim to assist migrants with navigating the welfare system in the receiving countries. This approach is complemented by a strategy of fortifying transnational economic, political and cultural ties with Turks abroad as part of public diplomacy and the attainment of soft power goals. With elements such as child benefits, expansion of the related attaché offices, and educational services for children, family-related benefits constitute the most accentuated social protection policies adopted by the Turkish state. The significance of family in Turkish diaspora social protection policies fits well with the Government’s emphasis on family values as an intrinsic part of its conservative policies.
Highlights
This chapter aims to describe and explain the development of the main features of Turkish diaspora policies, with a particular emphasis on the area of social protection
In the first section of the chapter, we examine the diaspora infrastructure through which the Turkish state engages with nationals abroad
In a context of intensified diaspora engagement policies, which mainly aim at defending the rights of the emigrants in the host countries and promoting their economic and political contributions to Turkey, social protection policies offered by the Turkish state to its nationals abroad remain limited
Summary
This chapter aims to describe and explain the development of the main features of Turkish diaspora policies, with a particular emphasis on the area of social protection It presents the general institutional framework through which Turkish authorities interact with their nationals abroad and depicts the main engagement policies outside of the area of welfare. In line with the European Union (EU) membership bid until 2007 and the Government’s assertive neo-Ottomanist foreign policy that envisions the country as a global actor, Turkey has had an increasingly active diaspora engagement since early 2000s (Unver 2013; Aydin 2014; Mencutek and Baser 2018) In this period, the Turkish state has adopted a strategy of proactive institutionalisation and investment in social capital upgrading in its emigrant politics (Aksel 2014), and has implemented a number of significant measures such as granting voting rights to the citizens abroad. One main pillar of the Turkish state’s approach to the nationals abroad has been to defend and protect their
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