Diarrhoea morbidity patterns in Central Region of Ghana.

Alexander Asamoah,Edwin Andrew Afari,Kofi Mensah Nyarko,Donne Kofi Ameme,Samuel Oko Sackey

doi:10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.1.6261

Alexander Asamoah, Edwin Andrew Afari + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2016.25.1.6261

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Abstract

IntroductionDiarrhoea diseases remain a major public health threat with nearly 1.7 billion cases annually worldwide occurring in all age groups. In Ghana diarrhoea kills about 14,000 children under five years annually. We therefore analysed data to determine the morbidity pattern of diarrhoea diseases in the Central Region of Ghana.MethodsHealth facility morbidity data was reviewed from 2008-2012. Monthly data on diarrhoeal diseases were extracted from District Health Information Management System database by sex, age group and districts. Data for bloody diarrhoea were extracted from monthly surveillance report forms. Data was analysed descriptively and expressed as frequencies and proportionate morbidity rates (pmr). Aberrations were determined using C2 threshold.ResultsThe total cases of all morbidity from 2008 to 2012 were 7,642,431. Diarrhoea diseases formed 4% (306854/7642431) of total morbidity. Children under one year (pmr= 8.4%) and males (pmr= 4.4%) were the most affected. Bloody diarrhea formed 2.2% (6835/306854) of diarrhoea cases with 0.7 %(45/6835) laboratory confirmed. Diarrhoea cases peaked from January to March throughout the study period with highest frequency 9.3% (28511/306854) in June. The mean monthly distribution of diarrhoea cases was 25571.17±1389.91. Poorest districts had significantly lower odds of getting bloody diarrhoea than non-poorest districts OR = 0.73 (95%CI = 0.70-0.77).ConclusionDiarrhoea characterized 4% of total morbidity presenting at health facilities in the region from 2008 to 2012. The diarrhoea morbidity rate decreased with increased age. Diarrhoea was higher among non poorest districts. The rate was highest in the month of June over the five year period. Bloody diarrhoea cases were mostly untested. We recommended that stool samples should be taken for laboratory testing for bloody diarrhoea cases.

Highlights

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health threat with nearly 1.7 billion cases occurring annually [1]
Introduction: diarrhoea diseases remain a major public health threat with nearly 1.7 billion cases annually worldwide occurring in all age groups
Records of outpatient department (OPD) diarrhoea morbidity data captured from health facilities through the districts to the region could be analysed for some diarrhoea measurements

Summary

Introduction

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health threat with nearly 1.7 billion cases occurring annually [1]. Surveillance data and outpatient morbidity data are captured on surveillance forms and into the District Health Information Management Systems (DHIMS) software respectively These data are not analysed in detail for appropriate measurements of diarrhoeal diseases at the regional levels. Detailed analysis of the data available would help to inform policy decision for appropriate distribution of resources across the regions These data are mostly analysed to determine aggregates of cases to be reported to the higher levels. Little information is known about the burden, patterns and types of diarrhoea morbidity across the regions of Ghana including the Central Region As such appropriate preparedness plan and proper distribution of resources for efficient control of diarrhoea in the region is difficult to establish.

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Conclusion