Abstract
Diaphragm wall construction is used extensively in Europe and a special plant has been developed for excavating the trench using fluid mud to support the walls. Various types of grab reverse-circulation excavating machines are described and illustrated and specifications are quoted for the quality of the slurry. The normal procedure is to backfill the trench with tremie concrete around a reinforcement cage. Alternatively, precast concrete panels may be used or cement may be added to the bentonite for hydraulic cut offs.
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