Abstract
Dianthi herba (called “Qumai” in Chinese) is the dried aerial part of Dianthus superbus L. and Dianthus chinensis L. The species are mainly distributed in the temperate and warm temperate regions in the northern hemisphere, and some regions in Africa and Oceania, as well as South America. However, the distribution pattern of Dianthi herba has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical applications of Dianthi herba. Approximately 194 chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from Dianthi herba, the most important being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and volatile oil compounds. These compounds possess antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, inter alia. Further studies should be carried out on Dianthi herba to elucidate more of its active principles and their mechanisms of action.
Highlights
Dianthi herba is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known as “Qumai.” According to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (PRC; 2020), the authentic varieties of Dianthi herba are derived from the dried aerial parts of Dianthus superbus L. and Dianthus chinensis L., belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, known as “Qumai” and “Shizhu” (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2020), respectively
The present review revealed that 194 compounds from D. superbus and D. chinensis have been reported, and they are mainly classified as saponins, flavonoids, peptides, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, amides, phenylpropanoids, and others
There are Conclusion and perspective The traditional use, chemical composition, and extensive pharmacological activities of Dianthi herba are summarized based on information obtained from traditional literature records and modern literature
Summary
Dianthi herba is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) known as “Qumai.” According to the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (PRC; 2020), the authentic varieties of Dianthi herba are derived from the dried aerial parts of Dianthus superbus L. and Dianthus chinensis L., belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, known as “Qumai” and “Shizhu” (Pharmacopoeia Commission of PRC, 2020), respectively. The first record of Dianthi herba is in Shennong Bencaojing (the Classic of Herbal Medicine). Owing to its good efficacy, Dianthi herba is. Liu et al Chinese Medicine (2022) 17:15 shown that Dianthi herba has antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, uterine excitatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties [5, 6]. We used PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Springer, Wiley, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to collect the relevant literature on Dianthi herba from 1959 to 2021 and reviewed its botany, traditional application, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and clinical applications (Fig. 1 visually shows the thinking of this paper). We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of Dianthi herba to determine its therapeutic potential and indicate directions for future research that will serve as a basis for the further development and utilization of this resource
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