Abstract
Abstract Diamond is an exceptional material that has recently seen a remarkable increase in interest in academic research and engineering since high-quality substrates became commercially available and affordable. Exploiting the high refractive index, hardness, laser-induced damage threshold, thermal conductivity and chemical resistance, an abundance of applications incorporating ever higher-performance diamond devices has seen steady growth. Among these, diffractive optical elements stand out—with progress in fabrication technologies, micro- and nanofabrication techniques have enabled the creation of gratings and diffractive optical elements with outstanding properties. Research activities in this field have further been spurred by the unique property of diamond to be able to host optically active atom scale defects in the crystal lattice. Such color centers allow generation and manipulation of individual photons, which has contributed to accelerated developments in engineering of novel quantum applications in diamond, with diffractive optical elements amidst critical components for larger-scale systems. This review collects recent examples of diffractive optical devices in diamond, and highlights the advances in manufacturing of such devices using micro- and nanofabrication techniques, in contrast to more traditional methods, and avenues to explore diamond diffractive optical elements for emerging and future applications are put in perspective.
Highlights
Diamond has always been recognized as a truly exceptional material, valued traditionally as gemstone for its unique optical appearance
Diffractive optical elements stand out—with progress in fabrication technologies, micro- and nanofabrication techniques have enabled the creation of gratings and diffractive optical elements with outstanding properties
This review collects recent examples of diffractive optical devices in diamond, and highlights the advances in manufacturing of such devices using micro- and nanofabrication techniques, in contrast to more traditional methods, and avenues to explore diamond diffractive optical elements for emerging and future applications are put in perspective
Summary
Diamond has always been recognized as a truly exceptional material, valued traditionally as gemstone for its unique optical appearance. Cut and polished, diamonds exhibit breath-taking colorful reflections, giving rise to their famous internal fire The mechanical properties, such as extreme hardness, combined with excellent thermal conductivity and extraordinary resistance to chemical treatments, have further contributed to the reputation of diamond as a material above all. These outstanding properties, among others, make diamond at the same time a material of prime interest for the fabrication of optical and photonic components. Niche applications exploit the outstanding material properties successfully, such as Raman lasers [4], transparent heat sinks for lasers [5] and laser windows [6] These techniques present typically dimensional control limited to micrometers and render them impractical for high-quality diffractive optical elements in the visible spectrum
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