Dialysis unmasks the fungicidal properties of glandular salivary secretions.

Abstract

Several salivary proteins exhibit fungicidal activity against the opportunistic oral pathogen Candida albicans when they are tested as pure proteins in vitro. However, salivary secretions that are examined by the same assays either lack or exhibit very low candidacidal activity. Since ionic strength is known to have an inhibitory effect on the fungicidal activities of some proteins, parotid secretion was subjected to dialysis with membranes having molecular weight cutoffs (MWCOs) of 500, 1000, 10000, and 25000. Dialysis with membranes with MWCOs of >=1000 promoted fungicidal activity of parotid secretion, and this activity was dose dependent. The addition of sodium chloride to dialyzed, fungicidal parotid secretion abolished this activity, indicating that the fungicidal component was salt sensitive. Similar results were obtained with submandibular and sublingual secretions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denaturing conditions was used to analyze the composition of the dialysate. Unexpectedly, proteins with MWs much lower than the nominal MWCOs of the membranes were not lost during dialysis. Among the retained proteins, the two fractions with MWs of approximately 17000 and 4000 exhibited fungicidal activity. These results are consistent with the presence of lysozyme and histatins, respectively, which may represent the major candidacidal capacity of dialyzed parotid secretion.