Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome

Abstract

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a rare complication of dialysis leading to neurological symptoms which can vary in severity from a simple headache to coma and death. The debate continues on the specific causes of DDS and centers around two main theories; the reverse urea effect and cerebral acidosis. It can be a challenge to predict in which patients DDS will occur, and an even more difficult syndrome to treat while the best known treatment is prevention. A case where DDS led to irreversible brain damage despite preventative measures in place will be discussed along with a discussion of current literature surrounding dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) and its treatment.