Abstract
Data of monitoring of the state of the aquatic ecosystem obtained during registration of changes in spatial and temporal parameters of whole cells and their external structures using internal reflection spectroscopy are considered. Dialysis culture of microalgae with a controlled “external environment” was used as a bioindicator.
Highlights
Ïðè âñåì ðàçíîîáðàçèè ïîäõîäîâ ê ðåøåíèþ äàííîé ïðîáëåìû íè îäèí èç íèõ íå ïðèâåë ïîêà ê ðàçðàáîòêå êàêîãî-ëèáî ìåòîäà, êîòîðûé ìîæíî áûëî áû áåçîãîâîðî÷íî ðåêîìåíäîâàòü äëÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ [2, 3]
Ïðè âûáîðå äèàëèçíîé êóëüòóðû îäíîêëåòî÷íûõ öèàíîáàêòåðèé äëÿ èññëåäîâàíèé ó÷èòûâàëèñü: 1) øèðîêàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîñòü: “öâåòåíèå” âîäîåìîâ â íàøèõ øèðîòàõ âûçûâàåòñÿ ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì öèàíîáàêòåðèÿìè; 2) âàæíàÿ ðîëü â ôîðìèðîâàíèè ïðèðîäíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ è ñïîñîáíîñòü ê êîíöåíòðàöèè çàãðÿçíèòåëåé: ñîîáùåñòâà, ïðåîáëàäàþùèì êîìïîíåíòîì êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ öèàíîáàêòåðèè, óäàëÿþò èç âîäíîé ñðåäû äî 98% ðàñòâîðåííûõ ìåòàëëîâ è ìåòàëëîèäîâ; 3) ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü ìíîãèõ âèäîâ öèàíîáàêòåðèé ê âîçäåéñòâèþ ðÿäà çàãðÿçíèòåëåé, ÷òî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ ìåëêèìè ðàçìåðàìè êëåòîê, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèìè âûñîêîå ñîîòíîøåíèå ïîâåðõíîñòü/îáúåì, à òàêæå âûðàæåííîé çàâèñèìîñòüþ ôèçèîëîãî-áèîõèìè÷åñêèõ îòâåòîâ êëåòîê íà äåéñòâóþùèå ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå ôàêòîðû ñðåäû
DIALYSIS CULTURE AS AN INDICATOR OF CHANGES IN WATER RESOURCES Ya.V. Savanina, I.A. Fomina, E.L. Barsky, S.Yu. Koroleva, Yu.N. Korolev, E.S. Lobakova
Summary
Ìàòåðèàëîì ñëóæèëè ïðîáû âîäû (1,5 ë), îòîáðàííûå â ôîòè÷åñêîé çîíå (äî 5 ì) â ðàçíûõ òî÷êàõ áàññåéíà ð. Èçìåíåíèÿ ñîñòîÿíèÿ êóëüòóðû îïðåäåëÿëè ïóòåì ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûõ èçìåðåíèé èíòåíñèâíîñòè ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ ïðè àçèìóòàõ ïîëÿðèçàöèè 0° è 90° íà âûõîäå íàõîäÿùåãîñÿ â êîíòàêòå ñ êëåòêàìè äèàëèçíîé êóëüòóðû ìàòåðèàëîì èçìåðèòåëüíîãî ýëåìåíòà ñïåêòðîñêîïèè âíóòðåííåãî îòðàæåíèÿ (ìåòîä íåïðÿìîãî âíóòðåííåãî îòðàæåíèÿ) [7], ïàðàìåòðû êîòîðîãî âûáèðàþò èñõîäÿ èç óñëîâèé ïîëó÷åíèÿ ñïåêòðîâ êàê öåëûõ êëåòîê, òàê è èõ âíåøíèõ ñëîåâ (áåç ðàçðóøåíèÿ êëåòîê). Ïàðàìåòðû èçìåðèòåëüíîãî ýëåìåíòà äëÿ âíåøíèõ ñòðóêòóð êëåòîê âûáèðàþò, èñõîäÿ èç òîãî, ÷òî èõ òîëùèíà ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðèìåðíî 0,1d (ýòà âåëè÷èíà îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ñòðîåíèåì êëåòîê êîíêðåòíûõ îáúåêòîâ) [8]. Íèÿ äëÿ àçèìóòîâ ïîëÿðèçàöèè 0° è 90° ïîëó÷àþò äàííûå î ñòåïåíè äèõðîèçìà äëÿ âíåøíèõ ñòðóêòóð êëåòîê Ð2, à ïî ðàçíèöå ñòåïåíåé äèõðîèçìà (Ð = Ð1 – Ð2) îïðåäåëÿþò ñîñòîÿíèå äèàëèçíîé êóëüòóðû, êîòîðîå ïðîåöèðóþò íà ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêóþ àêòèâíîñòü ñîîáùåñòâà îðãàíèçìîâ âîäíîé ñðåäû [9]
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