Abstract
Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the most prevalent, worldwide public health problem of the elderly population. The main cause of CRF is a damaged kidney. There are five stages of CRF based on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and stage 5 (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m2) is often called an end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In CRF, there is an accumulation of toxins and excess water due to compromised renal function. Dialysis is the preferred way to treat ESRD and remove accumulated toxins from the body. The cardiovascular risk associated with dialysis is 10 to 20 times higher in patients undergoing dialysis than in normal people. The inflamed kidneys and the process of dialysis also affect endothelial function, aggravating the risk of hypertension and cardiac problems. Therefore, both physicians and patients should be aware of the consequences of undergoing dialysis. There is an urgent need to educate CRF patients regarding facts about the disease, medications, dietary habits, and various measures required to manage the condition and lead a normal life. This paper attempts to delineate the mechanisms that could result in cardiovascular and other complications among CRF patients undergoing dialysis.
Highlights
BackgroundThe process of removal of waste and extra water from blood is called dialysis [1]
Dialysis cannot completely perform lost kidney function, but, to some extent, manages its activities by means of diffusion and ultrafiltration [2]. It is done in chronic renal failure (CRF) when the glomerular filtration rate falls below 15 ml/min/1.73m2 [3]
Chronic renal failure (CRF) can be diagnosed by measuring serum creatinine levels, which are a degradative product of muscle protein
Summary
The process of removal of waste and extra water from blood is called dialysis [1] It is an artificial replacement of kidney functioning, especially in renal failure cases. The basic principle involved in dialysis is the movement or diffusion of solute particles across a semipermeable membrane (diffusion) Metabolic waste products, such as urea and creatinine, diffuse down the concentration gradient from the circulation into the dialysate (sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), acid concentrate, and deionized water). The improper functioning of kidneys disturbs several enzymes and receptors involved in lipoprotein metabolism (apo A1 (apolipoprotein A1)), the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)) leading to hyperlipidemia [23] It causes the improper clearance of homocysteine, a.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
