Abstract
Diet and dietary habits are currently accused of being among cancer causing agents. The present study was carried out in a trial to point at the beneficial anti-cancer properties of one the most Egyptian traditional food components (Garlic). We studied the anti-cancerous properties of Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a major organosulfur compound in garlic oil, on HT29 colon cancer cell line and in vivo of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as an animal model of colon cancer. DADS showed differential effect on the expression of a group of genes, as it down-regulated the expression of oncogenes (e.g., CTNNB1, CCDN1, BIRC5, MYC and AKT), while up-regulated the expression of tumour suppressor gene (TP53) and apoptosis regulator gene (BAX). DADS apoptotic effect was also seen via inducing the expression of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3. Moreover, DADS induced chromatin configuration changes through increasing histone acetylation of histone-3 and -4. Examination of 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced cancer in vivo model (O. cuniculus) showed histological changes characteristic for colon tumorigenesis such as, hyperplastic intraepithelial lesions, neoplastic changes and lymphocytes infiltration, which were strongly attenuated in animals coinjected with both DADS and DMH and were not observed in the animals that received DADS prior to DMH treatment. This study suggested the protective properties of DADS against colon cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Highlights
IntroductionThe highest percentage of these cases were recorded in Upper Egypt [1]; a matter needs to be urgently and seriously investigated
In Egypt, the recent number of cancer patients per year was estimated to be 70,000
Diallyl disulphide (DADS) was reported to having anti-cancer properties and in a step to understand its’ mechanism action, we proposed that it might modulate the expression of the gene machinery that controls carcinogenesis in the colonic cells
Summary
The highest percentage of these cases were recorded in Upper Egypt [1]; a matter needs to be urgently and seriously investigated The causes of these elevated numbers of daily discovered cases cannot be grouped under the title of heredity factors, because cancer is a multi-factorial disease [2], and there are globally growing scientific evidences suggest that it could be controlled through modifying the life style of the susceptible individuals [3,4]. DADS showed anti-invasive activities in human prostate carcinoma cells (LNCaP) through tightening the tight junctions and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activities [19] These studies clearly suggested that diet is closely related with both causation and prevention of cancer
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