Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify and assess the components of heterosis in paprika hybrids related to yield, capsanten pigment content (estimated as ASTA degrees) and resistance to Phytophthora capsici, and to identify parental lines with high general combining ability (GCA) to be used in future breeding programmes and/or to obtain new hybrids. Fifteen hybrids were obtained through a complete diallel cross (reciprocal hybrids excluded) among six proprietary paprika breeding lines from HortiAgro Sementes S.A., four of which originally introduced from Peru (P1=PIM 032-03; P2=PIM 033-11; P3=PIM 034-19; P4=PIM 035-01) and two from the U.S.A. (P5=PIM 036-08; P6=PIM 037-18). Epistatic gene action was involved in the expression of heterosis for fresh and dry yields and carotenoid pigment contents, and heterosis was predominantly in the direction of higher yields. No significant heterosis effects were detected for resistance to P. capsici, and gene action was of incomplete dominance for the resistant phenotype. The parental lines P1 and P5 showed high GCA values for all characters, and may be used in breeding programmes to obtain new improved lines or for the production of higher yielding hybrids. The most promising hybrid was P3xP5, which outperformed the standard cultivar “Papri Queen” in fresh (68 t ha-1) and dry (10 t ha-1) fruit yields and ASTA degrees (157), in addition to being resistant to P. capsici. The parental line P5, as well as the hybrids in which it participated as a parent were assessed as resistant to P. capsici.
Highlights
The presence of heterosis in paprika set the possibility to create hybrid cultivars (REIFSCHNEIDER; RIBEIRO; CARVALHO, 2013; SOMOGYI, 2010; SOMOGYI et al, 2011; SURYA KUMARI et al, 2014)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the heterosis components in paprika hybrids for productivity, carotenoids pigments amount and resistance to Phytophthora capsici, and identify, between the used lines, parents with good general combining ability, that could be used in future breeding programs or to obtain new hybrids
The results indicate, that hybrids fresh fruit total yield may be estimated, in general, by the parent’s average added the corresponding value of the average heterosis estimated for all hybrids
Summary
The presence of heterosis in paprika set the possibility to create hybrid cultivars (REIFSCHNEIDER; RIBEIRO; CARVALHO, 2013; SOMOGYI, 2010; SOMOGYI et al, 2011; SURYA KUMARI et al, 2014). The knowledge of the F hybrids behavior comparing to their parent cultivars let the breeder choose the best genetic combinations between the paprika lines for the considering trait. The efficiency in the obtaining process of lines or cultivars that could be used for hybrid seeds production demands the knowledge of the genetic effects involved in the traits determination. One difficulty faced in the selection process is the non-information about the inheritance of the quantitative traits. The achievement of this information may enable highest genetic gains, increasing the breeding programs efficiency. Diallel crosses are important ways to obtain this information, providing useful parameters estimative in the selection of parents for hybridization (CRUZ; REGAZZI; CARNEIRO, 2012). The analyzing method proposed by Gardner and Eberhart (1966) preview a detailed study of the heterosis and it’s components, providing a fast way to evaluate the parent lines potential for hybrids achievement
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