Diagnostics of pneumonia in preterm infants of the breast-feeding and the pre-preschool period of the life in the practice of family doctor

Abstract

Diseases of the respiratory system are important causes of children’s morbidity. That is why we suggest that the spreading of the clinical experience is helpful for the pediatric community to improve the practical skills and theoretical knowledge of the physicians. The article describes clinical and anamnestic peculiarities of run of period of the breast-feeding age and pre-preschool age at a preterm newborn with a small body weight at birth with a period of gestation of 32–36 weeks and infants of 38–40 weeks of gestation. Taking into account the anatomical and functional features of premature infants, they need of a multidisciplinary approach in order to care and treat them. The important anamnestic determinants that can point possible the later complication are the interrupted pregnancy and incompetent pregnancy, harmful habits (the active and pasive smoking) of gravids and their infectious diseases (kidney disorders) and no-infectious diseases like diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Actually, a physician has to know many various combinations of symptoms and syndromes, which are characteristic for the preterm infants. The article includes clinical and anamnestic patterns of motion of pneumonia in infants with a period of gestation of 32–36 weeks in the breast-feeding and the pre-preschool period of the life. The important clinical determinants that can be used for diagnostic search of family doctor have been determined. The changes in organs and systems associating with development of pneumonias in the preterm infants have been displayed. The most important the clinical determinants of development of pneumonia are the artificial feeding, the violation of feeding and composition of food, disturbance of respiration, the smoking, hyperplasia of the thymus. The main idea of our article is that the most cases of morbidity premature infants depends on immature of internal organs, immune system and development of the infection complication. The main “take-away lessons” are that premature infants should be observed a long time after disease. Conclusions: premature infants need a multidisciplinary approach in order to care and treat them.