Diagnostics of metabolic disorders in the cows’ organism by basic biochemical blood markers: Evidence from FP ‘Mriia’ (Rivne District, Rivne Region, Ukraine)

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to determine the characteristics of metabolic disorders in dairy cows in the dry periods, calving, and after calving periods in FG ‘Mriia’ in Rivne district of Rivne region. Researches were conducted in FG ‘Mriia’ v. Velyka Omeliana of Rivne district, Rivne region on cows of Ukrainian black-rumped dairy breed. The presence of metabolic changes in the cows in dry period (n = 6), post-partum cows (n = 8), and cows 10 days after calving (n = 8) were determined by biochemical parameters (markers) in blood serum samples, which were tested by conventional biochemical methods using the ‘Cobas c 311’ analyzer, and the content of inorganic elements was determined using the ‘C-115M1’ atomic absorption spectrophotometer. According to the results of obstetric examination of sick animals, carried out in the dry season, such diseases as ketosis (8.9%), fatty liver syndrome (6.7%), and udder edema (5.6%) were determined. In cows, the level of ketone bodies was 2.0 ± 0.04 mmol/l. 75.0% of animals diagnosed with ketosis in the dry period were prone to develop other diseases such as ovarian cysts and postpartum endometritis. Idiopathic diseases averaged 12.2%. Among the concomitant pathologies, the detention of litter was detected — 32.2%. 25 cases (27.8%) of post-partum paresis were recorded out of 90 cows examined. The following metabolic disorders have been established by biochemical markers in animals of the respective groups, namely: in cows in the dry period — a decrease of the total protein level along with its globulin fraction, the decrease of glucose content relative to the reference values of these indicators; in cows in the calving group on the background of changes in the proteinogram — a decrease in total cholesterol was determined; and in cows 10 days after calving — a decrease in the content of albumin relative to the reference values of these indicators was determined. As a result of determining the content of inorganic elements, it has been established: in the cows in dry period group — lack of zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, iodine, and cobalt and excess of iron and nickel; in the group of calving cows — there is a lack of zinc, copper, selenium, and iodine and excess of iron; in the group of cows 10 days after calving — lack of zinc, manganese, selenium, and cobalt. The data obtained can be interpreted to diagnose metabolic disorders in other farms and to perform corrective measures