Abstract
The German guidelines on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been developed at highest level of evidence based on systematic literature review. In this paper, we are presenting the current recommendations on diagnostics including preoperative imaging and imaging for stage evaluation as well as histopathological classification. The role of tumor biopsy is further discussed. In addition, different prognostic scores and the status of biomarkers in RCC are critically evaluated.
Highlights
During the last 2 decades, therapeutic options in renal cell tumors changed in metastatic and in organ confirmed disease due to a broader range of systemic therapies as well as surgical techniques
More and more small renal masses are detected, and surveillance strategies and ablative therapies are under discussion
Exact diagnosis by imaging as well as histopathology and prognostic evaluation are necessary to select the optimal treatment for each individual patient
Summary
During the last 2 decades, therapeutic options in renal cell tumors changed in metastatic and in organ confirmed disease due to a broader range of systemic therapies as well as surgical techniques. More and more small renal masses are detected, and surveillance strategies and ablative therapies are under discussion. Exact diagnosis by imaging as well as histopathology and prognostic evaluation are necessary to select the optimal treatment for each individual patient. There is an urgent need for molecular biomarkers to further increase diagnostic accuracy including non-invasive markers as well as prognostic markers to individualize treatment. In this manuscript, we present the German highest level systematic literature review-based interdisciplinary guidelines concerning imaging, histopathological classification, renal tumor biopsy, prognostic evaluation, and biomarkers for
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