Abstract
Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) can present with uveitis, vitritis, or chorioretinal lesions. While fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography may aid in the diagnosis of PIOL, a definitive diagnosis can only be achieved with tissue analysis. The specimen may be obtained with a vitreous or aqueous tap, however, a diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy with acquisition of diluted and undilated vitreous fluid or a chorioretinal biopsy is preferable. Once a specimen is obtained, cytopathology, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, gene rearrangement studies with polymerase chain reaction, and cytokine analysis can be performed to confirm the diagnosis of PIOL. Treatment is dependent on the presentation of PIOL and may include systemic chemotherapy, local intravitreal chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of therapies.
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