Diagnostic Value of Skin Manifestations in Neonates in First 72 Hours of Birth

Abstract

Background: Newborn skin undergo various stages of developmental changes after birth in order to adapt to challenging conditions of extrauterine life. Many dermatoses though appearing challenging could actually be momentary or physiological undergoing rapid involution, therefore, a vital knowledge of neonatal skin biology is essential for all dermatologists. Aim: To study the clinical pattern of various dermatoses in neonates and their diagnostic value. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatrics, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: One hundred neonates within first 72 hours of life regardless of gestational age, sex and mode of delivery were selected. Neonates kept in intensive care unit were not included, as the chances of infection and sepsis are more in them. A detailed history was taken. Dermatological examination of all the neonates was done thoroughly in broad day light to accurately define the morphology of skin lesions. In all instances, the diagnosis of skin lesion was exclusively based upon the clinical impression. Results: There were 42 (42%) males and 58 (58%) females. 74% were full term and 26% were preterm,79% had normal birth weight (2.5-3.5 kg) and 21% had low birth weight (<2.5kg). Cutaneous findings were positive in 87 (87%). 79% had normal physiological cutaneous manifestations and transient skin changes and only 8% had pathological skin changes. Conclusion: Majority of the skin manifestation within 72 hours after birth are either physiological or benign that last for sometimes. Key words: Neonate, Skin manifestations, Prevalence