Abstract
Although there are several diagnostic modalities for tuberculous pleurisy, there is still a lack of easy, cost-effective, and rapid methods for confirming the diagnosis. In order to facilitate clinicians to diagnose patients with tuberculous pleurisy at an early stage, help patients to obtain treatment early, and reduce lung damage, it is hoped that new techniques will be available in the future to help diagnose tuberculous pleurisy rapidly in the clinic. To this end, this paper investigates the problem of bidirectional consistency based on event-triggered iterative learning. Firstly, a dynamic linearized data model of TB pleurisy intelligent system is established using compact-form dynamic linearization method, and a parameter estimation algorithm of TB pleurisy data model is proposed; then, based on this data model, an output observer and a dead zone controller are designed, and an event-triggered distributed model-free iterative learning bidirectional consistency control strategy is constructed by combining with signal graph theory. In this paper, 112 patients with pleural effusion were collected, including 76 patients with confirmed or clinically diagnosed tuberculous pleural effusion and 36 patients with nontuberculous pleural effusion. Pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB, blood T-SPOT.TB, pleural effusion Xpert MTB/RIF, and pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (ADA) tests were performed before treatment in the included patients. The sensitivity of pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB was higher than that of peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB (76.32%, 58/76), pleural effusion Xpert MTB/RIF (65.79%, 50/76), and pleural effusion ADA (28.95%, 22/76); the differences were statistically significant (x2 = 14.74, 25.22, and 76.45, P < 0.01). The specificity of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for pleural effusion (100%, 36/36) was higher than that for pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB (77.78%, 28/36), peripheral blood T-SPOT.TB, and pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB. The sensitivity of the combined Xpert MTB/RIF test (64.47%, 49/76) was lower than that of the pleural effusion T-SPOT.TB alone (97.37%, 74/76).
Highlights
Our country is a high-burden country for pulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculous pleurisy is included in the category of pulmonary tuberculosis [1]. e literature reports that tuberculous pleurisy is divided into dry pleurisy and exudative pleurisy, with dry pleurisy being an early inflammatory response of the pleura and exudative pleurisy presenting mainly as pleural effusion.Pleural effusion in tuberculous pleurisy is the result of a combination of factors [2]
Complications of tuberculous pleurisy include tuberculous pneumothorax, pleural thickening, celiac disease, and effusion pneumothorax
Among the 76 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion, 74 cases were positive for T-SPOT.TB in pleural effusion, 58 cases were positive for T-SPOT.TB in peripheral blood, 50 cases were positive for Xpert MTB/RIF in pleural effusion, and 22 cases were positive for adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural effusion
Summary
Our country is a high-burden country for pulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculous pleurisy is included in the category of pulmonary tuberculosis [1]. e literature reports that tuberculous pleurisy is divided into dry pleurisy and exudative pleurisy, with dry pleurisy being an early inflammatory response of the pleura and exudative pleurisy presenting mainly as pleural effusion.Pleural effusion in tuberculous pleurisy is the result of a combination of factors [2]. Our country is a high-burden country for pulmonary tuberculosis, and tuberculous pleurisy is included in the category of pulmonary tuberculosis [1]. E literature reports that tuberculous pleurisy is divided into dry pleurisy and exudative pleurisy, with dry pleurisy being an early inflammatory response of the pleura and exudative pleurisy presenting mainly as pleural effusion. Pleural effusion in tuberculous pleurisy is the result of a combination of factors [2]. T lymphocytes are mainly involved in the subsequent inflammatory response, gradually forming pleural granulomas [3,4,5]. Complications of tuberculous pleurisy include tuberculous pneumothorax (purulent effusion caused by chronic active tuberculous pleurisy infection with a large collection of neutrophils), pleural thickening, celiac disease, and effusion pneumothorax (tuberculous pleural effusion caused by cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis that develops into a pneumothorax after drainage of the effusion)
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