Abstract
Animal fetus develops head and neck malformations after direct exposure to high temperature for long time in biological experiments. Since ultrasound develops heat by the absorption of ultrasound to the tissue, and the temperature elevation is parallel to tempolarly averaged ultrasound intensity, the thermal ultrasound bioeffect is discussed refering the results of animal fetus heating experiments.
Highlights
Animal fetus develops head and neck malformations after direct exposure to high temperature for long time in biological experiments
Since the tissue exposed to ultrasound absorbs ultrasound to rise the tissue temperature, while the effect of temperature rise on animal fetal changes were experimented and the massive results were already reported in biology
The method is unique, because biologically teratogenic effect of fetal heating to develop animal fetal head and neck anomaly was quantitatively determined by the temperature rise and exposure time, and ultrasound exposureis quantified by tissue temperature rise due to ultrasound absorption
Summary
Animal fetus develops head and neck malformations after direct exposure to high temperature for long time in biological experiments. Since ultrasound develops heat by the absorption of ultrasound to the tissue, and the temperature elevation is parallel to tempolarly averaged ultrasound intensity, the thermal ultrasound bioeffect is discussed refering the results of animal fetus heating experiments. There are various methods to physically measure the ultrasound intensity, e.g. hydrophone, pressure balance, steel ball displacement, and so on.
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