Diagnostic ultrasound induces change within numbers of cryptal mitotic and apoptotic cells in small intestine

Abstract

Recent work on gas filled organs, including the lung and small intestine, has concentrated on the hemorrhaging effects of ultrasound, with little attention paid to cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis—two very sensitive indicators of environmental insult. This study addresses this by exploring the effects of ultrasound on these two features. The anterior abdominal surface of anaesthetised male, adult CD1 mice was shaved and exposed to ultrasound. An 8 MHz linear array transducer was manually swept from the midline to the left mouse flank on a continuous basis. Each mouse was scanned for 15 minutes with B mode and color flow modes selected. The Thermal Index registered 1.0. Groups of mice were killed at various times after treatment, the small intestine was excised and histologically examined. Analysis of the data demonstrates a statistically significant 22% reduction in numbers of mitotic figures at 4.5 hours after the ultrasonic insult (p=0.011). Numbers of apoptotic bodies increased by 153% (p=0.003), 166% (p=0.014) and 160% (0.001) at 1, 3 and 4.5 hours post-treatment respectively. These preliminary results suggest that bioeffects of ultrasound maybe more diverse than previously described. Further work will establish thresholds and explore mechanisms for these deterministic effects.