Abstract
Ultrasonography (US) has become the mainstay of paediatric imaging. This is not only due to considerations concerning radiation protection and ALARA principles, which of course implies shifting as many examinations as possible towards the non-irradiating modality which US constitutes. Ultrasound has undergone a remarkable evolution from its initial “orienting” images to a vast potential of a sophisticated modern imaging technique. Furthermore neonates, infants and children of specific conditions are perfectly suitable for performing US: Little fat and fibrous tissue, higher water content of the tissue and smaller structures enable not only good sound penetration and improved image quality but also application of higher frequencies that allow for higher special resolutions. Thus all the benefits of high-resolution US not only using high frequencies but also other modern techniques such as image compounding, harmonic imaging and speckle reduction filters, can – in paediatric patients – be applied to organs which often are not accessible with this techniques in adulthood, such as the kidney or the liver and spleen.
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