Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Technology

Abstract

Ultrasound has been used as a diagnostic medical tool for nearly half a century. Collaborative efforts between individuals from a variety of disciplines have resulted in a continual evolution in ultrasound technology. Early ultrasound investigations proceeded simultaneously and independently within several major centers located throughout the world. Advances in technology typically preceded and enabled more sophisticated medical research in the field. Once sufficient experience was obtained, the new equipment and imaging methods could be used for clinical applications. In this review, the author focuses on the major advances in technology that have resulted in the state-of-the-art ultrasound systems currently in use. These include the introduction of amplitude mode, brightness mode, real-time, and Doppler ultrasound. Recent progress in the field, including color flow imaging and the addition of digital technology, has expanded the range and specificity of ultrasound diagnosis while improving the quality of equipment and enhancing the image content. Future improvements to the field include three-dimensional ultrasound and the addition of a variety of ultrasound contrast agents. Improvements in existing technology and future advances hold the promise of placing ultrasound at the forefront of the medical imaging modalities.