Abstract
IntroductionLactobacilli are currently proposed as probiotic agents in several dietary products. In blood cultures, they are usually considered as contaminants, but in recent years they have been recognized as causal infectious agents of endocarditis, urinary tract infections, meningitis, intra-abdominal infections and bacteraemia.Case presentationWe report a case of Lactobacillus casei bacteraemia in a 66-year-old immunocompetent man with a history of fever of unknown origin. Leuconostoc bacteraemia was demonstrated by blood culture, but a later polymerase chain reaction analysis with sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA identified Lactobacillus casei and a successful antibiotic therapy was performed.ConclusionBacteraemia caused by probiotic organisms is rare but underestimated, since they are normally regarded as contaminants and their role as primary invaders is not always easily established. Although the consumption of probiotic products cannot be considered a risk factor in the development of diseases caused by usually non-pathogenic bacteria, specific individual clinical histories should be taken into account. This report should alert both clinicians and microbiologists to the possibility of unusual pathogens causing serious illnesses and to the use of 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing for molecular identification as a powerful tool in confirming the diagnosis of infrequent pathogens.
Highlights
ConclusionBacteraemia caused by probiotic organisms is rare but underestimated, since they are normally regarded as contaminants and their role as primary invaders is not always established
Lactobacilli are currently proposed as probiotic agents in several dietary products
In April, after 6 weeks of fluoroquinolone therapy, the patient was feeling well: fever, weakness and nocturnal sweating had resolved, the haemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were in the normal range, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was reduced (51 mm/hour) and antimicrobial therapy was stopped
Summary
This report of a case of Lactobacillus casei bacteraemia in an immunocompetent individual should alert both clinicians and microbiologists to the possibility of unusual pathogens causing serious illnesses; 16S ribosomal RNA molecular identification seems to represent a powerful tool in the confirmation of diagnosis of infrequent pathogens
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