Diagnostic approach to transitory pediatric hypersomnolence. Case report

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Hypersomnolence is a common complaint from parents, caregivers, and patients themselves in pediatric clinical consultations, but it is often underestimated by clinicians. This article aims to review the diagnostic approach to pediatric hypersomnolence and to highlight the gap between knowledge and clinical practice regarding sleep disorders. Case presentation: An 8-year-old boy presented with an episode of excessive sleepiness that prevented him from attending school and carrying out his daily activities. Anamnesis and family and personal history did not account for the symptoms, and physical and mental examinations showed no significant findings. Evaluation by specialists and results from paraclinical studies performed also did not yield significant findings to identify the cause of these symptoms. Finally, immunological tests showed positive levels for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), suggesting that a resolved viral infection was the most likely cause of the transitory hypersomnolence. Conclusions: Clinicians should be equipped with the knowledge and tools necessary to properly assess and diagnose hypersomnolence in children and adolescents, as it is a common symptom with potentially serious repercussions on patients and their family environment.