Diagnostic and treatment technologies for detection and removal of helminth in wastewater and sludge

Abstract

• Classification of different helminth species have been discussed. • Contamination of fruits and vegetables by helminth and its effect has been explored. • Diagnosis of helminth species using various techniques are reviewed. • Treatment technologies of helminth species are described. Helminth eggs are one of the microbial parameters that must be removed from water and sludge for its safe reuse. Detection and removal of these eggs is one of the most challenging and difficult tasks in the present time. Authorities are giving very little attention to the potential threat possessed by these eggs. The increasing abundance of various parasites in water is a raising concern for its reuse. This is mainly due to the negligence in detection and the inefficiency of wastewater treatment methods in treating and removal of these species of eggs. The proper identification of helminth eggs and development of its effective removal techniques is crucial in the recent time. This paper helps in summarizing the basics of helminth eggs and its classifications along with the contamination caused in fruits and vegetables. The review also provides an overview of advanced diagnostic and treatment methods available for the safe detection and removal of helminth species. Efficient and effective detection and treatment technologies will be helpful in eradicating these species making the water and sludge safe for reuse.