Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Salivary Biochemical Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Lyudmila V Bel’Skaya,Denis V Solomatin,Elena A Sarf,Victor K Kosenok

doi:10.3390/diagnostics10100818

Lyudmila V Bel’Skaya, Denis V Solomatin + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100818

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Abstract

The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of biochemical saliva markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. The group of patients included 68 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 50 with non-cancerous diseases of the oral cavity, and 114 healthy volunteers. Before the start of treatment, 23 biochemical parameters of saliva were determined. Participants were monitored for six years to assess survival rates. The statistical analysis was performed by means of Statistica 10.0 and R package. A complex of metabolic changes occurring in saliva in oral cancer is described. It was shown that none of the studied parameters could be used to diagnose oral cancer in an independent variant; the use of combinations of parameters is more informative. The high prognostic value of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the Na/K-ratio in saliva before treatment was established. Thus, the content of MDA ˂ 7.34 nmol/mL and the Na/K-ratio > 1.09 c.u. is a prognostically unfavorable factor (HR = 7.88, 95% CI 1.10–54.62, p = 0.01876), which may be useful for optimizing the treatment of patients with oral cancer. It has been shown that saliva has great potential for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for oral cancer.

Highlights

Cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx takes the 8th place in the structure of the general incidence of malignant neoplasms and the 1st among the malignant tumors of the head and neck
The peak incidence occurs at the age of about 60 years, but in the younger group in recent years, there has been an increase in the detection of oropharyngeal cancer associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) [5]
A statistically significant increase in the activity of metabolic enzymes was established for both the main group and the comparison group, the activity of catalase in both cases decreases compared to the control group

Summary

Introduction

Cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx takes the 8th place in the structure of the general incidence of malignant neoplasms and the 1st among the malignant tumors of the head and neck (excluding non-melanoma skin lesions). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is diagnosed in 90% of all cases of oral cancer [1]. Almost 300,000 new cases of the disease are observed every year in the world [2], of which 145,000 result in the death of the patient [3]. In Russia, the number of OSCC patients with stage III and IV is 61.7% and 81.1%, respectively, of the number of all tumors of this localization [6]. The search for new methods for the early diagnosis of oral cancer remains an urgent task to date [7]

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