Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin levels in patients with Bell’s palsy

Abstract

Inflammation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Bell's palsy (BP). Procalcitonin (PCT) is currently among the most frequently used proinflammatory biomarkers in clinical practice. In this study, we assessed the serum PCT levels for predicting the severity and prognosis of BP. In total, 32 patients with House-Brackmann (HB) grade II and III BP (low-grade group), 22 patients with HB grade IV and V (high-grade group) and 35 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this prospective study. PCT levels were compared among these three groups at the time of diagnosis. All patients received standard prednisolone and acyclovir treatment. The correlation between PCT levels and recovery was analyzed 3months after treatment. The PCT levels for control, low-grade and high-grade BP groups were 0.01±0.001, 0.35±0.05, and 0.98±0.41ng/mL, respectively. The PCT level in low-grade group was significantly higher than that in control group (p<0.001), and the PCT level in high-grade BP group was significantly higher than that in low-grade group (p=0.01, p<0.05). The complete recovery rate was 93.7% in low-grade and 54.5% in high-grade BP group (p=0.015, p<0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between PCT levels and recovery rates (r=-0.896,p<0.001). PCT levels were significantly associated with the severity of BP and higher PCT levels were related with poor clinical outcome in terms of recovery. These results support the diagnostic and prognostic significance of PCT in patients with early BP.