Abstract
Uterine torsion represents a serious complication of pregnancy and has been reported as a state of clinical emergency that may lead to potentially fatal systemic disturbances if untreated promptly. Therefore, the present study was carried out to clinically evaluate uterine torsion with special reference to the diagnostic and prognostic value of blood gases and acid base balance. A total number of 20 cases of uterine torsion in buffaloes were investigated in this study. Heparinized blood samples were collected to perform blood gases and acid base balance and complete blood picture, and serum samples were used for analysis of some biochemical parameters including serum total protein, glucose and liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Results of the present study revealed that affected buffaloes suffered from various degrees (mild, 90o, moderate 120-180o, severe 270o and very severe > 270o) of uterine torsion, significant increase in body temperature and heart rate in cases associated with septic uterus. Right-sided uterine torsion was reported in 18 cases while only 2 cases showed left-sided direction. The results of blood gases and acid base balance in 17 affected buffaloes with non septic uterus showed moderate to severe metabolic alkalosis with or without partial compensation. On the other hand, long-term complicated cases, septic uterus, (emphysematous fetus, cyanosed uterine wall, and putrefied uterine discharge) showed severe acidosis of metabolic origin. Complete blood count (CBC) of the affected buffaloes suggested two abnormalities: microcytic hypochromic anemia and leucocytotsis accompanied by granulocytosis. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in the serum levels of AST and ALT. Hypoprotenemia is a consistent finding in affected buffaloes while serum glucose level showed a non consistent pattern of change. The present study suggested that, uterine torsion adversely affects the blood gases and acid base homeostasis. Acidosis seems to be associated with complicated cases (septic uterus) and may be an indication of poor prognosis. Attention should be made for corrections of blood gases and acid base alteration before and after detorsion to improve the outcomes of uterine torsion.
Highlights
Uterine torsion represents a serious complication of pregnancy and has been reported as a state of clinical emergency that may lead to potentially fatal systemic disturbances if untreated promptly
While there is no enough data on the rate of fetal and maternal mortalities due to uterine torsion (Ali et al, 2011), twisting of gravid uterus has been implicated as a frequent cause of fetal and dam deaths during breeding season resulting in severe economic losses to livestock producers
To physical distress associating with uterine torsion, the hemodynamic disturbances due to occlusion of major blood vessels and potentially development of endotoxemic shock (Pearson, 1971; Roberts, 1986; Arthur et al, 1989) present several challenges to veterinarian for formulating a suitable therapeutic regime beyond the correction of the torsion
Summary
Pregnancy and the energetic movements of the fetus during the first stage of labor; Uterine torsion has been reported as a the etiopathogenesis of the condition state of clinical emergency that needs a is not fully understood. It represents a severe complication of impossible and circulatory disturbances can pregnancy and has been reported as a serious result in death of both the fetus and dam if a cause of dystocia and potentially fatal prompt diagnosis and correction are not made systemic disturbances in all domesticated (Frazer et al, 1996). While there is no enough data on the rate of fetal and maternal mortalities due to uterine torsion (Ali et al, 2011), twisting of gravid uterus has been implicated as a frequent cause of fetal and dam deaths during breeding season resulting in severe economic losses to livestock producers.
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