Abstract
BackgroundRisk scores were mainly proved to predict undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) in a non-invasive manner and to guide earlier clinical treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) for detecting three outcomes: UT2DM, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional study during which employees aged between 30 and 64, with no known diabetes and working within the faculties of the Lebanese University (LU) were conveniently recruited. Participants completed the FINDRISC questionnaire and their glucose levels were examined using both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Furthermore, they underwent lipid profile tests with anthropometry.ResultsOf 713 subjects, 397 subjects (55.2% female; 44.8% male) completed the blood tests and thus were considered as the sample population. 7.6% had UT2DM, 22.9% prediabetes and 35.8% had MS, where men had higher prevalence than women for these 3 outcomes (P = 0.001, P = 0.003 and P = 0.001) respectively. The AUROC value with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for detecting UT2DM was 0.795 (0.822 in men and 0.725 in women), 0.621(0.648 in men and 0.59 in women) for prediabetes and 0.710 (0.734 in men and 0.705 in women) for MS. The correspondent optimal cut-off point for UT2DM was 11.5 (sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 61.3%), 9.5 for prediabetes (sensitivity = 73.6% and specificity = 43.1%) and 10.5 (sensitivity = 69.7%; specificity = 56.5%) for MS.ConclusionThe FINDRISC can be considered a simple, quick, inexpensive, and non-invasive instrument to use in a Lebanese community of working people who are unaware of their health status and who usually report being extremely busy because of their daily hectic work for the screening of UT2DM and MS. However, it poorly screens for prediabetes in this context.
Highlights
Risk scores were mainly proved to predict undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) in a noninvasive manner and to guide earlier clinical treatment
Insulin resistance is associated with hyperinsulinemia which is the underlying cause of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and, once acquired, those with a genetic predisposition would develop the other features of the disorder including hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [4]
According to the international diabetes federation (IDF), approximately 38.7 million people or 9.6% of adults aged 20–79 years suffer from diabetes which will likely double in 2045 and about 49.1% of these are undiagnosed in the IDF— the Middle East North Africa region (MENA) [7]
Summary
Risk scores were mainly proved to predict undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) in a noninvasive manner and to guide earlier clinical treatment. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia [1] It is preceded by an asymptomatic state known as prediabetes which might begin 12 years before the diagnosis, glucose values seemed to be tightly regulated. Abdallah et al Diabetol Metab Syndr (2020) 12:84 within the normal range until 2–6 years before the clinical diagnosis when a sharp increase was detected [2]. During this stage insulin resistance occurs and triggers damage to several organs, such as eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, and the heart [3]. Prediabetes and diabetes were both positively correlated with the different components of the MS within the Lebanese population [11]
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