Diagnostic accuracy of Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM and comparison to other used techniques screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria.

Robert Soumay Houmsou,Timothy Jerry Jerry,Santaya Larit Kela,Paul Azuaga,John Ador Uniga,Binga Emmanuel Wama,Hemen Agere,Elizabeth Une Amuta

doi:10.1515/almed-2020-0093

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a blood fluke parasitic illness affecting human lives in rural endemic areas. This study evaluated the performance of Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM for screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria. Three hundred and seventy four (374) urine samples were examined. Reagent strips, urine filtration and Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM were used for analysis. Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM used 2mL of each serum for serological examination. Then, 3mL of each preserved serum was sent to LDBIO Diagnostics, France for re-examination with Schistosoma ICT IgG-IgM and confirmation with SCHISTO Western blot (WB) IgG. The performance of the index tests was determined using sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive likelihood ratio (PLR). The Youden index (YI) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) were used to determine the accuracy of each test. The statistical significance was at p-value≤0.05. The test had a sensitivity of 94.9%, specificity of 63.9%, positive predictive value of 72.4%, negative predictive value of 92.6%, and positive likelihood ratio of 2.62. Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM had a good Cohen's kappa index (κ=0.68), good Youden index (YI=0.58) and good diagnostic accuracy (DA=0.78). Schistosoma ICT Ig G - IgM has proven to be the best technique for the screening of urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria.

Highlights

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma sp which are trematode worms
This study evaluated the performance of Schistosoma ICT IgGIgM for screening urinary schistosomiasis in Nigeria
3 mL of each preserved serum was sent to LDBIO Diagnostics, France for re-examination with Schistosoma ICT Immuglobin G (IgG)-Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and confirmation with SCHISTO Western blot (WB) IgG

Summary

Introduction

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma sp which are trematode worms. It has been estimated that 240 million people are infected around the world and about 90% of them are found in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. In sub-Saharan Africa, schistosomiasis is a serious public health for rural inhabitants. They are usually exposed to infection through their agricultural practices of farming rice, recreational and domestic activities, fishing, and swimming in infested ponds or rivers [2, 3]. In Nigeria, urinary schistosomiasis affects rural inhabitants. It varied respectively from various locations, 62.0% in Kwara State and 45.6% in Kano State [4, 5]. Schistosoma mansoni was found among rural people but with low infection in different communities [6, 7]

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