Diagnostic accuracy of placental growth factor (PIGF) in pre-eclampsia- A case control study

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3~8% of all pregnancies. In developing countries, the perinatal and neonatal mortality rate due to PE is about 10% worldwide. Preeclampsia is characterized by decreasedmaternal circulating pro-angiogenicproteins like placental growth factor (PIGF), prior to clinical signs of PE, which is involved in its pathogenesis. Studies have demonstrated low PlGF as a PE predictorbutthe clinical utility of PlGF is not yet generally established andonly few studies have focused on neonatal outcomes. Objectives: To correlate the PIGF with severity of PE and to find out the best cut-off of PIGF for prediction of PEby ROC curve analysis and find association with neonatal outcome. Methods: The study was conducted tertiary care hospital North Karnataka. Forty singleton primigravidaPE patients diagnosed as per ACOG guide lines and 40 healthy pregnant were selected for the study. PIGF was estimated by ELISA method. Results: PIGF was significantly (p=0.034) higher in PE patients than controls and there was non-significant rise in mild PE than severe PE patients. Best cut-off value of PIGF was 105 pg/ml, with sensitivity 94.9% and specificity 67.6%, area under the curve was 0.845. Maternal serumPIGF≥ 105.00 pg/ml, there was significant (p=0.02) increase in neonatal birth weight (2.78±0.66 Kg). Conclusion: PIGF cut-off value 105 pg/ml can be used as predictor ofpreeclampsia andneonatal birth weight (2.78±0.66 Kg).