Abstract
Proteins in human milk (HM) are diverse and contribute to varied nutritional and biological functions for a neonate. HM proteins provide the building blocks including indispensable amino acids required to support infant growth and development and have a range of biological activities that help to preserve infant health in short and long terms. Like other components in HM, protein content is influenced by multitude of maternal and infant-related factors. The methodology used to collect, store, and analyze HM samples may also play a role in protein content variability and can be an important source of bias when different studies are compared. This chapter reviews in detail the average concentrations of protein content in HM and discusses factors that influence its composition. Finally, it highlights the gaps and proposes future research areas to focus on the advancement of proteins of HM.
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