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Abstract
We aimed to estimate tissue displacements’ parameters in midbrain using ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) signals and to compare diagnostic ability of this RF transcranial sonography (TCS)-based dynamic features of disease affected tissues with conventional TCS (cTCS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while differentiating patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) from healthy controls (HC). US tissue displacement waveform parametrization by RF TCS for endogenous brain tissue motion, standard neurological examination, cTCS and MRI data collection were performed for 20 PD patients and for 20 age- and sex-matched HC in a prospective manner. Three logistic regression models were constructed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were applied. The model constructed of RF TCS-based brain tissue displacement parameters—frequency of high-end spectra peak and root mean square—revealed presumably increased anisotropy in the midbrain and demonstrated rather good diagnostic ability in the PD evaluation, although it was not superior to that of the cTCS or MRI. Future studies are needed in order to establish the true place of RF TCS detected tissue displacement parameters for the evaluation of pathologically affected brain tissue.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease whose main neuropathological feature is the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) located in the midbrain [1,2] and the deposition of α-synuclein in neurons [3]
Radiofrequency (RF) signal changes of the same tissue region over time [13]. We developed such an approach further [14] and in our recent study [15] we demonstrated that evaluation of complex interactions between the set of RF Transcranial sonography (TCS)-based brain tissue displacement parameters allows us to discern the medial temporal lobe of an Alzheimer’s disease patient from that of a healthy control (HC) subject with excellent diagnostic ability
Patients were included in the study if they: (1) were diagnosed with idiopathic or familial PD, which was based on the United Kingdom Brain Bank criteria [16]; (2) provided written consent; (3) had satisfactory acoustic window properties on at least one side for TCS; (4) were 18 years or older; (5) were eligible for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease whose main neuropathological feature is the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) located in the midbrain [1,2] and the deposition of α-synuclein in neurons [3]. Positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography are currently the most common functional radionuclide diagnostic methods used in degenerative extrapyramidal disorders; their application in clinical practice remains limited due to high price, the relatively short half-life of the radioisotopes, radiation exposure to patients, and the discrepant data on their reliability in differential diagnosis [4,5,6]. Hyperechogenicity of SN in a cross-sectional B-mode (Brightness or Grayscale mode) image of the midbrain is treated as a main PD biomarker [4]
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