Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and staging of malignant diseases is essential for the correct selection of treatment. Together with an assessment of the histopathological evidence, it also may provide important prognostic information. In addition to cytological and histological information, in many hematological malignancies immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and, increasingly, molecular diagnostic tests are important. At diagnosis hematological malignancies are always disseminated except some sporadic cases of Hodgkin’s disease, nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and solitary plasmocytoma. As a result of this, localized treatment options are more exception than the rule. In this chapter, we shall illustrate how we can diagnose and stage hematological malignancies and how these procedures should be used to define the best treatment and prognosis of patients.
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