Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is usually defined as a nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection occurring in mechanically ventilated patients 48 h or more after initiating ventilatory support. VAP has further been divided into early- (≤ 4 days of ventilation) or late-onset (> 4 days after starting ventilation) [1]. VAP rates have been variably reported from 2.9/1000 ventilator days in the USA [2] up to 89/1000 ventilator days in India [3]. VAP has been associated with an increased duration of ventilator dependence, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and hospital stay, and mortality [4–8], and is accompanied by high financial cost [9,10].
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