Abstract
From 1995, Spanish safety legislation has been adapted to the International framework. However, operationally the situation is not so good, at least in the wood harvesting activity. Some forest workers are still found not wearing the compulsory safety equipment, working without respecting safety rules and references to high accidents rates are frequent. To assess those aspects, firstly some comparisons have been made between the accident records in a reference company and the accident indexes at national and regional level for building and farming activities. Secondly, using a purpose-designed questionnaire applied to 35 logging worksites in Castilla y Leon Region, deficiencies in prevention have been identified. The relation between the accident reduction and the prevention methods used by the reference studied company has been confirmed. Also the main causes of the accidents have been analysed. Finally, some recommendations to reduce the risk of accidents in harvesting operations are provided. The main conclusion confirms that the possibility of reducing the accident risk is conditioned to the commitment of all the staff of the timber harvesting company, at every level of responsibility, to search for excellence in safety as one more entrepreneurial goal. This fact should be accompanied by the staff early training and the adequate motivation means.
Highlights
To assess those aspects, firstly some comparisons have been made between the accident records in a reference company and the accident indexes at national and regional level for building and farming activities
Using a purpose-designed questionnaire applied to 35 logging worksites in Castilla y Leon Region, deficiencies in prevention have been identified
The relation between the accident reduction and the prevention methods used by the reference studied company has been confirmed
Summary
Este trabajo ha sido fruto, por un lado, del seguimiento realizado durante los últimos quince años de los datos de accidentalidad y de las acciones preventivas puestas en marcha en una empresa de aprovechamientos forestales con más de cuarenta años de experiencia, que emplea de forma directa o indirecta más de cien trabajadores equivalentes a tiempo completo, y comercializa más de un millón de metros cúbicos de madera al año, lo que supone una cuota de mercado del 20% respecto del total de madera de coníferas de trituración comercializada en el estado, de la cual un 35% es gestionada desde el bosque hasta los diferentes puntos de consumo. A pesar de la existencia de esa codificación, la información sobre accidentalidad sólo se ofrecía hasta un nivel del código CNAE-93 de 2 dígitos, lo que en el presente caso sólo permitió individualizar los referidos conjuntamente a las actividades profesionales correspondientes a los códigos 01 y 02 (agricultura, ganadería, caza y selvicultura), de forma que no hay una representación individualizada del sector forestal y, en concreto, de los aprovechamientos forestales, tratamientos selvícolas y actividades relacionadas a escala nacional. Tampoco se encontró esta información disgregada a escala de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, donde se optó por analizar la base de datos de declaración electrónica de accidentes DELT@ (CSSL —Centro de Seguridad y Salud Laboral—, 2007), por lo que se estudiaron individualizadamente los más de mil cuatrocientos registros de accidentes entre 2005 y 2007, tratando de clasificarlos de acuerdo con el código CNAE pormenorizado a través de la descripción del accidente y otros datos indirectos. Para los análisis estadísticos se ha utilizado el programa Statgraphics Plus 5.0
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