Abstract
Objectives: To establish and validate a nomogram integrating radiomics signatures from ultrasound and clinical factors to discriminate between benign, borderline, and malignant serous ovarian tumors. Materials and methods: In this study, a total of 279 pathology-confirmed serous ovarian tumors collected from 265 patients between March 2013 and December 2016 were used. The training cohort was generated by randomly selecting 70% of each of the three types (benign, borderline, and malignant) of tumors, while the remaining 30% was included in the validation cohort. From the transabdominal ultrasound scanning of ovarian tumors, the radiomics features were extracted, and a score was calculated. The ability of radiomics to differentiate between the grades of ovarian tumors was tested by comparing benign vs borderline and malignant (task 1) and borderline vs malignant (task 2). These results were compared with the diagnostic performance and subjective assessment by junior and senior sonographers. Finally, a clinical-feature alone model and a combined clinical-radiomics (CCR) model were built using predictive nomograms for the two tasks. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the model performance. Results: The US-based radiomics models performed satisfactorily in both the tasks, showing especially higher accuracy in the second task by successfully discriminating borderline and malignant ovarian serous tumors compared to the evaluations by senior sonographers (AUC = 0.789 for seniors and 0.877 for radiomics models in task one; AUC = 0.612 for senior and 0.839 for radiomics model in task 2). We showed that the CCR model, comprising CA125 level, lesion location, ascites, and radiomics signatures, performed the best (AUC = 0.937, 95%CI 0.905–0.969 in task 1, AUC = 0.924, 95%CI 0.876–0.971 in task 2) in the training as well as in the validation cohorts (AUC = 0.914, 95%CI 0.851–0.976 in task 1, AUC = 0.890, 95%CI 0.794–0.987 in task 2). The calibration curve and DCA analysis of the CCR model more accurately predicted the classification of the tumors than the clinical features alone. Conclusion: This study integrates novel radiomics signatures from ultrasound and clinical factors to create a nomogram to provide preoperative diagnostic information for differentiating between benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian serous tumors, thereby reducing unnecessary and risky biopsies and surgeries.
Highlights
Serous tumors are the most prevalent ovarian tumors, representing 70% of the cases. (Javadi et al, 2016; Brett et al, 2017; Lheureux et al, 2019; Lisio et al, 2019)
The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves
The difference in the area under the curve (AUC) between the training and validation datasets was tested using the p-value of integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and Delong’s (D) test, and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated
Summary
Serous tumors are the most prevalent ovarian tumors, representing 70% of the cases. (Javadi et al, 2016; Brett et al, 2017; Lheureux et al, 2019; Lisio et al, 2019). (Javadi et al, 2016; Brett et al, 2017; Lheureux et al, 2019; Lisio et al, 2019). Such tumors can be classified into benign, borderline, and malignant lesions that exhibit distinct clinicopathological characteristics owing to which they exhibit differences in terms of therapeutic schemes, and prognoses. The borderline serous ovarian tumors might be malignant potential, necessitating fertility-sparing surgery for fertile women who desire it. The varied characteristics of the serous ovarian tumors make it challenging to diagnose between borderline and malignant ovarian tumors using fine-needle aspiration. It is crucial to develop a non-invasive and accurate preoperative identification technique for ovarian tumors for appropriate treatment planning by avoiding inadequate excision or surgical overtreatment, especially for premenopausal patients wanting to retain their fertility
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