Abstract
Background and objectives: Rhinitis could be considered a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Studies were conducted to evaluate the relation between OSA and Allergic rhinitis (AR). Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is a condition with a symptomatology apparently similar to AR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different presence of OSA in patients suffering from NARES and AR. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled and subdivided into NARES, AR and control groups. NARES and AR diagnosis were performed using ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) protocol. All patients were screened for OSA with home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) exam analyzing AHI (Apnea Hypopnea Index) values. Results: Results showed that 60% of patients affected by NARES presented OSA. On the contrary, altered AHI was found only in 35% of patients affected by AR and in 10% of patients belonging to the control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, data showed that there was an increased risk of OSA in NARES patients respect to AR patients and healthy patients.
Highlights
No differences between the Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), Allergic rhinitis (AR) group and control group were identified when considering the variables of age, BMI, pre-existing gastro-esophageal reflux disorder and smoking habits (Table 1)
The apnea + hypopnea index (AHI) average value of patients affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in NARES groups was 19.1
These results showed that the incidence of OSA in patients with rhinitis, in particular, patients affected by NARES, is higher than in general population
Summary
Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global health problem, affecting 10% to 20% of the world population and is defined as an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, aroused by environmental allergens.This condition is IgE-mediated and presents inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa [1].On the other hand, Non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is an infrequent condition defined by a chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa with a prevalence of eosinophilic cells.NARES affects from 13% to 33% of patients with non-allergic rhinitis and usually in vivo and in vitro tests for allergic rhinitis (AR) diagnosis are negative for this specific condition [2,3,4,5].OSA disease is a common disorder characterized by the of repeated upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep. Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global health problem, affecting 10% to 20% of the world population and is defined as an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa, aroused by environmental allergens. This condition is IgE-mediated and presents inflammatory cells in the mucosa and submucosa [1]. OSA disease is a common disorder characterized by the of repeated upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to oxygen desaturation and disrupted sleep It involves about 1 billion people with prevalence exceeding 50% in some countries [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].
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