Diagnosis of MECP2 duplication syndrome with molecular genetic techniques

Abstract

To investigate whether the four boys with delayed motor development and intellectual disability suffer from MECP 2 duplication syndrome. Blood specimens and clinical data of four patients and mothers of patient 2 and patient 4 were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using DNA extraction kit. At first multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was employed in 4 patients, two distinct kits SALSA P036 and P070 for sub-telomere screening, and SALSA P245 for the 22 common microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. Then array-CGH analysis was carried out. Two mothers of patients were tested by array- comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and X chromosome inactivation analysis. All the 4 patients presented with severe hypotonia, delayed motor development, intellectual disability and absent or limited language. Three patients manifested recurrent pneumonia in infancy except patient 2. Four patients had duplication on chromosome Xq28 with MLPA kit SALSA P245. Array-CGH identified the size of each duplication on Xq28. The precise size of each duplication was different in the four patients: patient 1, 14.931 Mb, patient 2, 0.393 Mb, patient 3, 0.482 Mb and patient 4, 0.299 Mb. To compare Xq28 duplications with UCSC database (http://genome.ucsc.edu/) revealed that each duplication harbors the MECP 2 and HCFC 1 gene. Mothers of patient 2 and patient 4 also carried microduplication on Xq28. X chromosome inactivation analysis demonstrated completely skewed inactivation (0: 100) and it is the inactive allele that passed on to the patients. For patients that present with delayed motor development, intellectual disability, hypotonia, absent or limited language and recurrent infection, combination of MLPA and array- CGH is effective and specific diagnostic methods of MECP 2 duplication syndrome.