Diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs

Abstract

Hyperadrenocorticism is a common condition in older dogs. It arises when feedback mechanisms within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis fail, resulting in a chronic excess of blood cortisol. The most common cause of canine hyperadrenocorticism is a microscopic, benign, pituitary gland tumour, with fewer cases caused by adrenal tumours or chronic corticosteroid administration. Diagnosis of the condition can be challenging. Clinical findings are varied, and many are common to other conditions. Screening tests are also nonspecific, and there is no single test available for its definitive diagnosis. Consequently, a combination of history, clinical signs, and laboratory findings are important in diagnosing hyperadrenocorticism.