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Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Screening for GDM is done usually at 24-28 weeks of gestation. In this case a 27-year-old primigravida who was diagnosed as GDM after a one step approach at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Institution of management early by the help of one step diagnosis was associated with successful outcome. The case highlights the importance of diagnosing GDM early especially in developing countries where resources are limited.
Highlights
15% percent of all pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Based on World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria gestational diabetes mellitus should be diagnosed at any time in pregnancy if one or more of the following criteria are met, fasting plasma glucose between 92-135 mg/dl, one hour plasma glucose following a 75 gm oral glucose load more than 180 mg/dl and two hour of plasma glucose following a 75 gm oral glucose load between 153-199 mg/dl
Women with high risk of developing GDM include those who have a history of marked obesity, personal history of GDM, recurrent glycosuria, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and a strong family history of diabetes
Summary
15% percent of all pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Detection should be done during the 24-28 weeks of gestation in which there is threefold rise in maternal insulin output to maintain euglycaemia. 15% percent of all pregnancies are complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).. Detection should be done during the 24-28 weeks of gestation in which there is threefold rise in maternal insulin output to maintain euglycaemia. Mothers with deficient insulin reserve become glucose intolerant at this time.. There are two diagnostic approaches; one-step approach in which an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) done without prior glucose challenge test and in the two-step approach we perform glucose challenge test, measure fasting plasma glucose followed by OGTT to diagnose GDM.. The one-step approach is done to high-risk pregnant women Nepal J Health Sci. 2021 Jan- Jun;1(1): 57-59
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