Abstract

Backgroundstandard B-mode EUS assessment and EUS-guided tissue acquisition present sub-optimal diagnostic yield in the differential diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs). Aimsto evaluate the performances of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH-EUS) to differentiate gastric SMTs and predict malignancy risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methodsa retrospective analysis was performed retrieving consecutive patients with gastric SMTs who underwent EUS between 2009 and 2014. Patients with available EUS video recordings and histological diagnosis were included. De-identified videos were presented to experts who made a diagnosis on B-mode EUS and CH-EUS. Resultsfifty-four patients (29 female, 64-year-old) were included. Final diagnoses were 40 GISTs (8 high-grade), 9 leiomyomas, 5 rare SMTs. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of B-mode and CH-EUS for the differential diagnosis of GIST were 95.0% vs. 85.0%, 57.1% for both techniques, and 85.2% vs. 77.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of B-mode and CH-EUS for the estimation of the malignancy GISTs risk were 62.5% vs. 100%, 83.3% vs. 82.1%, and 78.9% vs. 86.1%, respectively. ConclusionsCH-EUS showed better diagnostic performance than B-mode EUS in differentiating leiomyomas and risk stratification of GIST. When considering high-grade GISTs, the addition of CH-EUS allowed an improvement in diagnostic accuracy.

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