Abstract
Cartographic Projection can be defined as the mathematical relationship between the position of a model of the terrestrial surface and the flat surface. Cylindrical projections are employed around the world, taking into consideration their properties and special characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify the cartographic projection that best represents South America terrestrial surface, focusing mainly on the area of the continent, determined by the South American Defense Council. Initially, the projections were selected based on a bibliographic review. Subsequently, a suitability judgment was made for South America applying Tissot Indicatrix, Isolines of Maximum Angular Distortion and Region of Acceptable Distortion. Finally, an assumption was drawn up among the best results. The study control was performed using the software Flex Projector and ArcGIS 10.1, computational resources of great use in Cartography. The study provided a clear, simple and objective understanding of how different projections behave. The motivation comes from the insufficiency of detailed information and applied to the choice of map projection in regions of large areas.
Highlights
Introduction in boldCartography is responsible for the representation of the Earth's surface, in a clear and objective way, where the spatial variables can be interpreted by the users
In order to evaluate the similarity of the South American continent and which of the projections represent more accurately the terrestrial reality, we examined Tissot Indicatrix (TI), Isolines of Maximum Angular Distortion (IMAD) and Region of Acceptable Distortion (RAD) parameters for the studied models
The results showed that in relation to the surface area, Mollweide model is the closest to the known territorial area
Summary
Cartography is responsible for the representation of the Earth's surface, in a clear and objective way, where the spatial variables can be interpreted by the users. There are several forms to represent the terrestrial surface, such as reduced models, globes, maps and charts, digital terrain models and others. According to Thofehrn (1980) globes exhibit a great advantage in a description, because they can show the user a realistic illustration, but they have only a few practical applications. Since the Earth's surface is not flat, cartography uses mathematical methods to represent a curved surface in a plane. Map projections can be defined as mathematical functions that relate the points on a surface used as a reference (sphere or ellipsoid) to a projection surface (plane, cone, cylinder)
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