DIAGNOSIS OF COMBINED STRUCTURAL VARIANTS OF THE LEFT RENAL VEIN (LITERATURE REVIEW WITH A CLINICAL EXAMPLE)

Abstract

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava, in particular the renal veins, are characterized by structural variability and variants of collaterals, which causes difficulties in interpreting diagnostic images. The purpose of the review is to demonstrate the importance of detailed visualization of structural variants of the renal and adrenal veins using the example of a literature review. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, as well as illustrative clinical data are provided. The methods of analysis and generalization are used as scientific methods. Results. A review of the literature on a combined venous anomaly – dystopia with a retroaortic location of the left renal vein and an independent left adrenal vein trunk with schematic images of structural variants of the renal and adrenal veins is presented, a clinical example of a patient with a corresponding anomaly is given, as well as a possible explanation for compensation of venous outflow violations through the retroaortic renal vein – drainage mainly into the portal vein system. Conclusions. Awareness on the structural features of the inferior vena cava tributaries makes it possible to explain the symptoms and clinical manifestations in these patients in order to determine further therapeutic tactics.